Born in the Pays d'en Haut:
Joseph Claude Guilbault
The Subject
Joseph Claude Guilbault was born in June 1797 in the pays d'en haut — the interior fur trade country of the Great Lakes and the northwest — before his family came down to the St. Lawrence valley. He was baptized at Saint-Paul-de-Joliette on October 10, 1798, at sixteen months of age. He died at Oka (L'Annonciation) on January 29, 1833, and was buried there two days later. The priest who recorded his burial did not know him well — he had recently arrived — and identified him simply as Joseph Guilbeautt Voyageur.
He was thirty-five years old. He had spent his entire adult life in the interior fur trade. He left no Quebec family, no Quebec children, and no Quebec occupation record other than the baptism notation that placed his birth in the pays d'en haut and the burial notation that named his work. He is the only member of the extended Guilbault voyageur family about whom that can be said.
His father Gabriel Guilbault père was also a voyageur — and died as a mason. His great-uncle Paul Guilbault père was also a voyageur — and died as a farmer. Their second cousin Paul Guilbault "The Canadian" (Gauthier Entry #57) was also a voyageur — and eventually settled in Oregon. All of them had Quebec lives to return to. Joseph Claude did not, because his mother was Marie Josephte Abitakijikokwe, an Ojibwe woman from Lake Superior, and his cradle was the pays d'en haut. Gabriel Guilbault was the only member of the extended family who took an Indigenous wife and had children in the interior. The consequence of that choice, born a generation later, was Joseph Claude.
| Full Name | Joseph Claude Guilbault (also Guilbeau, Guilbeautt, Guilbeault, Gibeau in various records) |
| Born | June 1797, pays d'en haut (location not specified in baptism record) |
| Father | Gabriel Guilbault père (b. 23 April 1762, L'Assomption) — 4th great-grandfather of the researcher |
| Mother | Marie Josephte Abitakijikokwe — Ojibwe, "de la Nation Sauteuse sur le lac Supérieur" (d. June 1813, Rigaud) |
| Baptism | October 10, 1798, St-Paul-de-Joliette — PRDH #553676 — baptized conditionally at 16 months |
| NWC Service | c.1812–1816, HBCA F.4/32 p.403 — entered at approximately age 15 |
| HBC Service | 1820 (at minimum) — A.32/31 fo.323, devant, Peace River/Colvile — "same sum as last year" |
| Red River | Age 35, White Horse Plain, Métis community — RRC/1832-33 #1001 |
| Death | January 29, 1833, Oka — buried January 31, 1833 — PRDH #4722464 |
| Occupation at death | Voyageur — his only designated occupation in any Quebec record system |
| Witnesses at burial | Louis Pierre Constant Pinesi (Grand Chief Pierre Louis Constant Pinesi, Algonkin, 1768–1834) and Simon Katiullawelch (almost certainly Simon Chawanasiketch, son of Grand Chief Pinesi, b. June 24, 1799, d. June 14, 1866) — both Indigenous, both unable to sign |
| Marital status | No Quebec marriage record found. No Quebec children identified. |
| Relationship to researcher | 4th great-granduncle — brother of Gabriel Guilbault fils (b.1791), researcher's direct ancestor |
Finding Joseph Claude: The Search Strategy
A man who spent his adult life in the interior fur trade will leave almost no trace in the Quebec parish record system. Parish registers document baptisms, marriages, and burials in fixed parishes. A man who was baptized at sixteen months, never married in a Quebec church, and only appeared at a Quebec parish to die — after decades in the interior — generates one opening record and one closing record, with nothing in between visible to the standard genealogical tools.
The search for Joseph Claude Guilbault therefore required three independent archive systems in addition to the PRDH database: the Hudson's Bay Company Archives at the Archives of Manitoba (Winnipeg), the Red River census records, and the Oka mission parish registers at BAnQ Montréal.
Platform Strategy: Three Searches Required
Research in the HBCA records established early in this case that no single search platform gives complete results. The HBCA Name Index — the searchable database hosted at the Archives of Manitoba — is the standard entry point for NWC account book research. But systematic comparison confirmed that Ancestry's indexing of the same collection surfaces variant spellings and additional volumes that the HBCA Name Index misses. For any thorough search of HBCA records, three searches are now standard practice for this research project:
- Search 1: HBCA NWC Account Books Name Index (direct, via Archives of Manitoba)
- Search 2: HBCA Servants' Contracts Index (direct, via Archives of Manitoba — separate database from the NWC Account Books)
- Search 3: Ancestry, Canada, Hudson's Bay Company Corporate and Employment Records, 1766–1926 — using first-name and surname variant searches
Eliminating the False Candidates
The name Joseph Guilbault appears multiple times in the same generation of the extended Guilbault family network. Online genealogical trees have attributed the Oka burial of January 1833 to at least two other individuals. Both attributions are contradicted by primary source evidence. The elimination of false candidates is a necessary step in BCG-standard methodology before any positive identification can be asserted.
False Candidate 1: Paul's Son Joseph (b. 1788)
Paul Guilbault père's son Joseph Guilbault (b. 1788) married Rosalie Marie Lescault at Verchères on September 23, 1811 (PRDH Family #116841). His twins Thomas and Jean Baptiste were born at Saint-Paul-de-Lavaltrie in June 1821, requiring him to have been present in Quebec in September 1820. He fathered twelve children through the 1840s, settled progressively in Joliette, and is buried without a voyageur designation. He cannot be the man buried as "Voyageur" at Oka in January 1833. Additionally, a note of historical interest: his wife Rosalie's mother was Marie Rosalie Gibouleau Lafleur — the Gibouleau surname being a phonetic variant of Guilbeau — connecting Hilaire Guilbault (who went to Oregon) to the Guilbeau name on both his paternal and maternal lines.
False Candidate 2: Gabriel's Nephew Joseph (b. Dec 14, 1798)
Joseph Guilbault (b. December 14, 1798, St-Paul-de-Lavaltrie), son of Joseph Louis Guilbault (1763–1848, Gabriel's brother), married Marie Marguerite Dalpe Pariseau at Saint-Paul-de-Lavaltrie on August 9, 1819 (PRDH Family #136469). His children were born continuously at Saint-Paul-de-Lavaltrie and surrounding parishes through the 1840s. His first child was born December 2, 1820 — consistent with a spring departure for a seasonal interior posting, but his subsequent trajectory shows a settled Quebec family man who moved progressively northward through Lanaudière parishes and died without a voyageur designation. He was not buried as "Voyageur" at Oka in 1833. He was previously considered a candidate for the A.32/31 Peace River contract before Gabriel's son Joseph Claude was confirmed as the correct identification.
Joseph Claude Guilbault is distinguished from both false candidates by four converging facts that no other Joseph Guilbault in the historical record satisfies simultaneously: (1) born in the pays d'en haut, (2) no Quebec marriage or children documented, (3) continuous fur trade employment across multiple archive systems, and (4) burial at Oka — his mother's mission community — with Indigenous witnesses, identified explicitly as Voyageur.
The Baptism: St-Paul-de-Joliette, October 10, 1798
PRDH Baptism #553676 is the foundational identity document for Joseph Claude Guilbault. Recorded at the parish of Saint-Paul-de-Joliette (Joliette) on October 10, 1798, it is a mass baptism — three children of Gabriel and Marie Josephte were brought to the parish church on the same day and baptized in sequence: Gabriel Jr. (age 8 years 4 months), Angélique (age 6 years), and Joseph Claude (age 16 months). All three were described as born and baptized in the pays d'en haut, brought down together for formal church baptism when the family came to the St. Lawrence.
The Record's Key Elements
The baptism record for Joseph Claude reads in the register margin: Bte. — Jos. Claude — Guilbeau. The body of the entry notes: "baptisé sous condition joseph claude né et ondoyé dans les pays d'en haut, agé de dize mois, fils de Gabriel Guilbeau voyageur et maintenant agriculteur en cette paroisse et de Josephte Sauvagesse de la nation des Sauteux, son épouse."
The godfather was Claude Martineau; the godmother was Angélique Rébé, standing in for Joseph Louis Multeau and Delisard. The godfather signed; the father and mother both declared themselves unable to sign. Father Lamorthe officiated.
The 1798 baptism establishes Joseph Claude Guilbault's parentage, his Ojibwe matrilineal heritage, and the single fact that distinguishes him from every other Joseph Guilbault in the Quebec record system: he was born in the pays d'en haut. This is not a detail — it is the biographical condition that shaped his entire adult life. A man born in the interior to an Ojibwe mother, baptized at sixteen months when his family came down to the St. Lawrence, had no settled Quebec identity to return to. The baptism is the opening document of a life that would be lived almost entirely in the places his mother came from.
The NWC Account: A Trade Career Begins at Fifteen
HBCA F.4/32 is the main North West Company General Ledger, held at the Archives of Manitoba in Winnipeg. Page 403 of this volume contains the account of Joseph Gibeau — a multi-year NWC account spanning from 1812 through approximately 1816. The account documents annual cycles of wages credited and sundries debited, with balances carried forward year to year.
Joseph Claude Guilbault was born in June 1797. If he entered NWC service at the point his account opens in 1812, he was approximately fifteen years old — young, but not unusual for a Métis boy raised in the trade country whose father was a voyageur and whose mother was Ojibwe from Lake Superior. The interior trade regularly recruited young men from families already connected to the company.
The Family Placement in the Same Ledger Volume
The significance of page 403 is not only the account it contains — it is where that account sits in the bound volume. The NWC General Ledger at F.4/32 contains the Guilbault family network across eighteen pages:
Father at page 414. Son at page 403. Uncle at page 396. All three members of the Guilbault fur trade family appear within eighteen pages of the same bound NWC General Ledger — the company accounting system recording the family as it operated, together, in the interior trade across overlapping years.
F.4/32, p.403 confirms Joseph Claude Guilbault's North West Company service beginning approximately 1812 — placing him in the interior trade at age fifteen, four years before his father's documented NWC service begins in 1816. He and his father Gabriel both appear as NWC employees in the same General Ledger volume; the family recruitment pattern is directly evidenced by the page placement. The "Annuity FIN CAN" entry in 1815 suggests he was maintaining a financial connection to Quebec even during interior service — consistent with the later Red River census finding that placed him as "Canada" in origin. His NWC career ended approximately 1816; the gap before the 1819-1820 HBC contract likely represents employment not yet documented or a period of return to Quebec.
The HBC Contract: Peace River, 1820
HBCA A.32/31 is a volume of HBC Servants' Contracts — Series A.32, a completely separate series from the NWC account books in Series F.4. The contracts are physical documents, each folded and filed individually, identified by folio number. Folio 323 contains the 1820 engagement contract for Joseph Guilbeau.
This is an HBC contract — issued after the 1821 NWC-HBC merger was already anticipated, contracted through the HBC's representative at Colvile House on the Peace River. The contract was located through the HBCA Servants' Contracts Index under the search term "guilb," which returned Guilbeau, Joseph — 1820 — Can La Rivi[è]re — HB [AB] Colvile [Peace River] — Devant — same sum as last year & same equipment — (1) his mark — A.32/31 fo.323.
The Contract Document
The contract body identifies the engagé as Joseph Guilbeau de la paroisse Larivières de l'Graive [or similar — the parish name partially obscured]. He voluntarily engaged himself to the Honorable Company of Hudson's Bay, represented by Monsieur St. Deny De La Rosier (the company agent), to serve in the quality of devant — bowman — at Colvile House for the stated term. The contract specifies his obligations: faithful service, care of the company's merchandise and furs, no private trade, forfeit of wages for violations. The engagement was made and signed at Colvilles Nous Rivières à la paix — Colvile, on the Peace River — on le diesep de mais [May 15 or 17] in the year eighteen hundred and twenty.
He signed by his mark — Joseph × Guilbeau, mark. He was declared unable to write. The witnesses were Charles Thomas and Baptiste Brunelle.
A.32/31, fo.323 confirms Joseph Claude Guilbault's HBC service as a devant at Peace River in 1820 — and more importantly, confirms that 1820 was at minimum his second year with the HBC, because the "same sum as last year" clause references a 1819 original engagement that has not yet been retrieved. His role as devant — the bowman, physically demanding, requiring strength and skill — is consistent with a man of approximately twenty-two to twenty-three years of age with a decade of NWC experience already behind him. He signs by mark, exactly as his father Gabriel would sign his 1821 NWC contracts. The Guilbault men signed by mark.
The Red River Census: White Horse Plain, 1832–33
The Red River census entry RRC/1832-33, entry #1001, records: Guilbeault, Joseph — age 35 — White Horse Plain — Canada.
White Horse Plain is a Métis community located west of the Red River Settlement in present-day Manitoba. In the 1830s it was one of the principal gathering places for men of mixed French-Canadian and Indigenous heritage who had spent their careers in the interior fur trade — buffalo hunters, freemen, and retired voyageurs who had chosen to settle at the edge of the trade country rather than return to the St. Lawrence valley parishes of their French-Canadian fathers.
The Age Calculation
The census records Joseph's age as 35 in the winter of 1832–33. Joseph Claude Guilbault was born in June 1797. At the time of the census he would have been 35 years old — exactly matching the recorded age. A birth date of June 1797 and a census age of 35 in winter 1832-33 is arithmetically precise.
The Red River census entry bridges the gap between the last confirmed HBCA posting (Peace River, 1820) and the Oka burial (January 1833). Joseph Claude Guilbault was living in a Métis community at White Horse Plain in the winter of 1832-33 — the kind of community that naturally formed around men of his background, born Métis, raised in the interior trade, with no settled Quebec life to return to. The community label "Canada" in the census is a consistent descriptor for men of French-Canadian paternal descent living in the Red River settlement. Weeks after this census, he was dead at Oka. He had come home to die.
The Burial: "Joseph Guilbeautt Voyageur"
The burial register of L'Annonciation d'Oka — the mission church at Oka — records the burial of January 31, 1833. The priest was Durocher. The entry is the final and most significant document in the evidence chain.
Durocher Ptre
Element-by-Element Analysis
Grand Chief Pierre Louis Constant Pinesi (1768–1834) was the most prominent Algonkin leader in the Ottawa River watershed — the man who submitted petition after petition to the British Crown for recognition of Algonkin land rights, who fought alongside his sons in the War of 1812, and who in 1830 was formally designated Grand Chief of the Algonquins at Lake of Two Mountains by the Governor of British North America, Sir James Kempt. The 1823 Oka census lists his house and those of four of his children in the Algonkin village, including Simon Constant (Simon Chawanasiketch) — the son almost certainly present at this burial under the name Simon Katiullawelch.
The presence of the Grand Chief and his son at this burial reframes the phrase depuis peu domicilié en cette mission. The priest barely knew Joseph Claude — that remains true. But the Algonkin leadership knew him. A man who had spent his entire adult life among Indigenous communities in the interior trade, born to an Ojibwe mother from Lake Superior, came to his mother's mission in his final weeks and was recognized — not by the French priest, but by the Algonkin community his mother had belonged to. The phrase marks the priest's ignorance, not Joseph Claude's standing.
The Word That Confirms Everything
Voyageur. His father Gabriel was buried as maçon. His great-uncle Paul was buried as cultivateur. Paul "The Canadian" (Gauthier #57) went to Oregon. Every other Guilbault man in the extended network had a settled identity outside the fur trade to claim at the end of his life. Joseph Claude Guilbault had only one word. It was the right word. He had been a voyageur from the moment of his birth to the moment of his burial — and the priest at Oka, who barely knew him, recorded that truth in a single occupational designation that no false candidate can satisfy.
A Note on the Father's Death
Gabriel Guilbault père died at Saint-Benoît on April 8, 1833 — four months after his son Joseph Claude. There is no evidence that Gabriel knew of his son's death before his own, or that Joseph Claude knew of his father's declining health when he made his way to Oka. They are documented in two different archive systems — the Oka mission register and the Saint-Benoît parish register — dying in the same season, four months apart, in communities sixty miles apart. The research file cannot determine whether any communication passed between them.
The Career Arc: A Life in the Interior
Five primary documents, placed in chronological sequence, document a life lived almost entirely outside the Quebec parish record system that was designed to record French-Canadian lives. The gaps in the documentary record are not evidence of absence — they are the expected result of a man whose life was spent in the pays d'en haut, where parish registers did not follow.
The five documents in this methodology establish Joseph Claude Guilbault's identity with the high standard required by BCG-compliant genealogical methodology. The baptism establishes his birth, parentage, and distinctive origin. The NWC account confirms fur trade service beginning at age fifteen, with his father and uncle in the same ledger volume. The HBC contract confirms continued service into the post-merger period. The Red River census places him in a Métis community weeks before his death. The burial register confirms his death, names him as Voyageur, and places his final days at his mother's mission community. No conflicting identification has been found. The false candidates have been eliminated by primary source evidence. The identification is confirmed.
What This Methodology Does Not Yet Answer
BCG-compliant methodology documents not only what has been proven but what remains unresolved. Three questions remain open in this research file:
Open Question 1: The 1819 Original HBC Contract
The "same sum as last year" clause in A.32/31, fo.323 (the 1820 renewal) establishes that Joseph Claude contracted with the HBC for the first time in 1819. That original contract has not been retrieved. It would establish the terms of his first engagement, the agent who contracted him, and potentially a more specific location. It may be in A.32/31 at a folio number earlier than 323, or in a companion volume. This is the highest-priority outstanding document in the research file.
Open Question 2: José Gilbeau (A.32/30, fo.192, 1821)
A separate contract in HBCA A.32/30, folio 192 — dated February 23, 1821, signed at Fort Wedderburn by George Simpson — records a gouvernail hivernant named José Gilbeau contracted for the Athabasca department. José is a standard French-Canadian equivalent of Joseph. The most plausible hypothesis is that this is Joseph Claude Guilbault: a promotion from devant (Peace River, 1820) to gouvernail (Athabasca, 1821) at the moment of the NWC-HBC merger reorganization, when the entire interior workforce was being assessed and reassigned.
This identification is presented as an open hypothesis — not a confirmed finding. The argument in its favor: the timing fits, the role is a logical promotion, the name forms are equivalent, the geographical trajectory (Peace River 1820 → Athabasca 1821) is consistent with brigade movements at the merger. The argument against: these are separate records in separate series volumes (A.32/31 and A.32/30), and the identity of José Gilbeau has not been established through primary source evidence independent of the inference. Verification would require pulling the 1819 original contract and examining whether the terms, location, or agent connect the two documents directly.
The A.32/30, fo.192 document renders the name in four different forms across its two pages: Gilbeurs Jose (contract header), Jose Gilbeau (signed by mark), Gilbeau, Jose (HBCA Servants' Contracts Index), and Jose Gillean (filing envelope). All four variants refer to the same contract. This degree of orthographic variation within a single document is characteristic of the fur trade record system and strengthens rather than weakens the probability that José and Joseph are the same surname.
Open Question 3: Edouard Guilbeault (A.32/31, fo.324-329)
Immediately following the Joseph Guilbeau folio in A.32/31, the Servants' Contracts Index records Guilbeault, Edouard at folios 324-325 (1837, Carlton House, Saskatchewan, Middleman) and folios 326-327 (1844, York Factory, Milieu). This is a second Guilbeault in the same HBC contracts volume as Joseph, active in the interior trade a decade later.
The most plausible hypothesis is that Edouard is Gabriel Guilbault's son by his second wife, Josette Closier (married February 1815). Gabriel and Josette had several children; the name Edouard appears in the family. If confirmed, Edouard would represent a second generation of Métis voyageur from Gabriel's line — not from Marie Josephte Abitakijikokwe, but from Josette Closier. This requires research against the PRDH family record for Gabriel and Josette before any identification can be asserted, and is not addressed in this methodology.
Complete Primary Source Documentation
Hudson's Bay Company Archives (Archives of Manitoba, Winnipeg)
- HBCA, F.4/32, NWC General Ledger, p.403, Joseph Gibeau account, 1812–1816. Also p.396 (Paul Guilbeau), p.414 (Gabriel Guilbeau). Archives of Manitoba, 130–200 Vaughan Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3C 1T5.
- HBCA, A.32/31, fo.323, HBC Servants' Contracts, Joseph Guilbeau, 1820; devant, Colvile House (Peace River); signed by mark; witnesses Charles Thomas, Baptiste Brunelle. Archives of Manitoba, Winnipeg.
- HBCA, A.32/30, fo.192, HBC Servants' Contracts, José Gilbeau, 1821; gouvernail hivernant, Fort Wedderburn/Fort Chipewyan; agent George Simpson; witness Robert Miles; signed by mark; February 23, 1821. [Open question — probable Joseph Claude; not yet confirmed.] Archives of Manitoba, Winnipeg.
- HBCA NWC Account Books Name Index — searchable database of 3,700+ NWC employees. Archives of Manitoba, Winnipeg.
- HBCA Servants' Contracts Index (1780–ca.1926) — separate database from NWC Account Books Index. Archives of Manitoba, Winnipeg.
Quebec Parish Registers — Joseph Claude Guilbault
- Registres paroissiaux, St-Paul-de-Joliette, 10 October 1798 — mass baptism of Joseph Claude Guilbeau (with Gabriel Jr. and Angélique). Father: Gabriel Guilbeau voyageur et maintenant agriculteur; Mother: Josephte Sauvagesse de la nation des Sauteux. PRDH Film #100437666. Full page and detail images.
- Registres paroissiaux, L'Annonciation d'Oka (Deux-Montagnes), 31 January 1833 — burial of Joseph Guilbeautt Voyageur. Died January 29, 1833. Age approximately 40. Recently settled at the mission. Witnesses: Louis Pierre Constant Pinesi and Simon Katiullawelch. Priest: Durocher. Full page and detail images. PRDH #4722464.
PRDH-IGD Database Records
- PRDH-IGD, Baptism #553676, Joseph Claude Guilbeau, St-Paul-de-Joliette, 10 October 1798. Birth June 1797, pays d'en haut. Father Gabriel Guilbeau; Mother Josephte XXXXX (Sauvagesse). www.prdh-igd.com
- PRDH-IGD, Burial #4722464, Joseph Guilbeault, Oka (L'Annonciation), 31 January 1833. Death 29 January 1833. Age 040. Linked to PRDH Family #91975 (Gabriel Guilbault & Marie Josephte Abitakijikokwe). www.prdh-igd.com
- PRDH-IGD, Family #91975, Gabriel Guilbault & Marie Josephte Abitakijikokwe — shows Joseph Claude listed with birth 1797-06, pays d'en haut; death 1833-01-29, Oka. www.prdh-igd.com
- PRDH-IGD, Individual record for Joseph Claude Guilbault — linking baptism and burial records. www.prdh-igd.com
Red River Census
- Red River Census, RRC/1832-33, entry #1001 — Guilbeault, Joseph; age 35; White Horse Plain; Canada. Archives of Manitoba, Winnipeg.
HBCA Index Search Records (Methodology Screenshots)
- HBCA NWC Account Books Name Index, search "gib" — returns Gibeau, Joseph, F.4/32, p.403 (among others). Archives of Manitoba.
- HBCA NWC Account Books Name Index, search "guilb" — returns Gabriel Guilbault, Paul Guilbeau, in F.4/29, F.4/32, F.4/37. Archives of Manitoba.
- HBCA Servants' Contracts Index, search "guilb" — returns Guilbeau Joseph 1820 Peace River devant A.32/31 fo.323; also Guilbeault Edouard 1837 and 1844; Guilbault François dit Giroux 1827. Archives of Manitoba.
- Ancestry, Canada, Hudson's Bay Company Corporate and Employment Records, 1766–1926 — search "joseph guilbeau" returns Joseph Guilbeau (A.32/31) and José Gilbeau (A.32/30) as two separate primary records.
- HBCA Servants' Contracts Index, search "gilbeau" — returns José Gilbeau 1821 gouvernail hivernant Fort Wedderburn A.32/30 fo.192; confirms as separate record from Joseph 1820.
Published Secondary Sources
- Gauthier, Raymonde, Ph.D. Ancestry of French Canadians to Oregon Prior to 1842. 2013. Entry #57 (Paul Guilbault, b. January 21, 1798, Lavaltrie; HBC 1821–1840; linked to Hilaire Guilbault; five-generation pedigree confirmed against PRDH). Used to establish the relationship between Paul Guilbault "The Canadian" and the researcher's direct line through PRDH Family #15831 (Charles Guilbault × Catherine-Antoinette Deguise Flamand, 1727).
Published Content — Storyline Genealogy (Related Pages)
- Case Study Summary: Born in the Pays d'en Haut — Joseph Claude Guilbault. Storyline Genealogy, /joseph-claude-guilbault.
- Case Study Summary: The Voyageur Years — Gabriel Guilbault. Storyline Genealogy, /gabriel-guilbault-voyageur-years.
- Full Methodology: The Voyageur Years — Gabriel Guilbault. Storyline Genealogy, /gabriel-guilbault-nwc-methodology.
- Case Study Summary: The Invisible Voyageur — Paul Guilbault. Storyline Genealogy, /paul-guilbault-invisible-voyageur.
- Case Study: The Abitakijikokwe Discovery. Storyline Genealogy, /general-270.
This methodology accompanies the Born in the Pays d'en Haut case study summary. For the Gabriel Guilbault methodology — documenting the father's NWC career across three account books and the companion Paul Guilbault case study — see the related pages below.
Case Study Summary → Gabriel's Methodology: The Voyageur Years → Paul's Methodology: The Invisible Voyageur →