Case Study · Indigenous Records Research

The War Chief’s Wife

Documenting Geneviève Abitakijikokwe Across Three Name Systems
at the Mission du Lac-des-Deux-Montagnes, 1786–1805
She was the wife of Kitchiwabisi — 8abizi le grand, the Great Wabisi — an Algonquin war chief at the Oka mission. She was the mother of Bernard Wabisi, the young chief who succeeded him. She appears in nine parish records across nineteen years. But no two priests spelled her name the same way, and no index connects all three names she carried. Reconciling those names — and understanding what they reveal about her family — is the work of this case study.
1 7 8 6   –   1 8 0 5
3 Name Systems
9 Parish Records
10+ Spelling Variants
19 Years Documented

Primary Sources: Original Oka Mission Registers, LAC Reel C-2895  |  Cadieux Transcription, MG 8, G 21  |  Pouliot-Thisdale, 1786–1800 Oka Mission Parish Registers  |  Paquin, weskarini.ca

Original 1786 Oka mission register page, May 27, showing the baptism of baby Geneviève daughter of Joseph KakijikBaham, with Geneviève Abitakijikokwe serving as godmother — her first documented appearance

The War Chief’s Wife

She was Kitchiwabisi’s partner and Bernard Wabisi’s mother. She outlived her husband by at least eleven years. And every time a priest wrote her name, he wrote it differently.

Geneviève first appears in the Oka mission registers on May 27, 1786, standing as godmother at the baptism of a baby girl. Over the following nineteen years she surfaces in eight more records — as godmother, as mother, and finally as a witness at her own daughter’s wedding in 1805. Across those records, priests rendered her name in at least ten different spellings belonging to three distinct name systems that no search algorithm or published index connects to each other.

Her Husband

Kitchiwabisi — recorded variously as 8abizi le grand, Kitchi Wabizi, and the Great 8abissi — was an Algonquin war chief at Oka. The prefix Kitchi means “Great.” He died in the hunting lands approximately twenty-two to twenty-six days before his burial at Oka on April 21, 1794, at roughly forty-three years of age.

Documented Children of Kitchiwabisi and Geneviève
Marie Jeanne — Baptized April 17, 1787, Oka. Father: Kichi8abizi (Kitchiwabisi). Mother: Geneviève abitakijig8k8e — confirmed by original register (Cadieux, 1938). Pouliot-Thisdale read only the second component of the name as Kijig8k8e; his own published photograph of the manuscript page shows abita kijig8k8e, inconsistent with his transcription. Cadieux confirmed.
Thérèse — Baptized May 5, 1793, Oka, aged 5 months. Father: the Great 8abissi. Mother: Geneviève Ontakijikok8e. Died October 18, 1803, age 12. Burial October 20, 1803: mother recorded as Geneviève Abitakijikoke. Original register confirmed; no PRDH for burial.
Marie Angélique Abitakijikokwe — Married Jacques E8anassiketch, August 28, 1805, Oka. Geneviève present as mother of the bride, recorded as Nizik8e. Declared she could not sign.
Joseph — Baptized July 4, 1796, Oka, aged six months (born c. January 1796). Fils naturel of Simon Na8ak8eskam and Geneviève Abitakijikok8e. Godfather: Joseph Kakigik8ang. Godmother: Agathe Ita8abik8e — the same woman whose child Geneviève had godmothered ten years earlier in 1786, documenting a reciprocal bond between the two women across a decade.
Bernard Wabisile jeune chef de guerre Algonquin. No baptism found. Per 1824 burial record (original register confirmed): aged approximately sixty years and not yet eight months (soixante ou environ ans et pas de huit mois), placing birth c. January 1764 — consistent with Paquin’s fiche (b. 1763). Married first to Agathe Kiwetabanc (June 8, 1802); married second to Marie Otichwayateliswarionk8e (September 7, 1818, Oka). Buried September 4, 1824, Oka, age ~60, in the presence of his warriors.
After Kitchiwabisi

By 1796, two years after her husband’s death, Geneviève had a son named Joseph with a man called Simon Na8ak8eskam. The priest recorded Joseph as fils naturel — born outside a church marriage. Significantly, the woman chosen as Joseph’s godmother was Agathe Ita8abik8e — the same woman whose child Geneviève had stood for as godmother in 1786. That reciprocal sponsorship documents a sustained relationship between the two families over at least a decade. Nine years after Joseph’s birth, in August 1805, Geneviève was still at Oka, standing at Marie Angélique’s wedding and declaring she could not sign.

Researcher’s Note

Jean-Guy Paquin’s genealogical fiche for Bernard Wabisi at weskarini.ca lists the mother as “Geneviève ABITAKIJIKOKWE, KIZIKWE.” Her death date is blank. The last confirmed record of her alive is August 28, 1805 — present in person at her daughter Marie Angélique’s wedding. Where and when Geneviève died remains an open question.

1788 Oka mission register identifying Geneviève Abitakijig8ek8e as wife of 8abizi le grand, with modern transcription overlay — the spousal identification that anchors the documentary trail

Three Names, One Woman

Missionaries transliterated Indigenous names by ear, filtered through French phonetics. Eric Pouliot-Thisdale, who transcribed the 1786–1800 registers, notes that Geneviève’s name “has been unfortunately often misspelled” — an observation that shapes the entire methodology.

Geneviève appears under three distinct name systems across nine records at the Oka mission. The first and most frequent is the Abitakijik- family name shared with other documented individuals. The second is a personal name first recorded in 1787 and last in 1805. Connecting these names to a single individual requires tracing spousal identifications, parental roles, and the timing of events that only one woman could have experienced.

Name System 1: Abitakijik-

The name under which she was most frequently recorded — as godmother, as mother, as wife of Kitchiwabisi. Seven different spellings across seven records, two different priests (Lebrun and Malard), spanning 1786 to 1803.

1786 · Godmother

Geneviève Abitakijig8k8e

Original register + Cadieux transcription, Vol. 2, p. 6. Priest: Lebrun. First documented appearance.

1788 · Godmother & Wife of 8abizi le grand

Geneviève Abitakijig8ek8e

Original register + Cadieux transcription. Priest: Lebrun. Spousal ID

1793 · Mother of Thérèse

Geneviève Ontakijikok8e / Kontakijikok8e

Original register. Pouliot-Thisdale pp. 282, 293. Father: “the Great 8abissi.” Spousal ID

1793 · Godmother (10 days later)

Geneviève Ostakijikok8e

Pouliot-Thisdale p. 295. Priest: Lebrun. O- initial variant.

1796 · Mother of Joseph (fils naturel)

Geneviève Abitakijikok8e

Original register + Cadieux transcription, C-2895 Image 625, p. 160. Priest: Malard. Father: Simon Na8ak8eskam. Godfather: Joseph Kakigik8ang. Godmother: Agathe Ita8abik8e (reciprocal sponsor — see 1786). Parental ID

1803 · Mother named in Thérèse’s burial

Geneviève Abitakijikoke

Original register, Oka, October 20, 1803. Priest: Malard. Terminal -8e dropped. No PRDH for this record. Parental ID

Name System 2: Kijik- / Kizik- / Nizik-

A different name entirely — shorter root, no Abita- prefix. Pouliot-Thisdale notes this name at p. 148 as a variant system for the same woman. Documented in two records separated by eighteen years, both identifying her as a mother.

1787 · Mother of Marie Jeanne — Transcription Discrepancy

Kijig8k8e: Kijikokwe (Pouliot-Thisdale, 2015 — superseded: original register confirms abita kijig8k8e; PT read only the second component)

abitakijig8k8e (Cadieux, 1938 — same manuscript)

Father: Kitchi Wabizi. Priest: Guichard. Two transcribers read the mother’s name differently from the same original register. Direct manuscript examination required to resolve. Spousal ID

1805 · Mother of the Bride, Physically Present

Geneviève Nizik8e

Original register + Cadieux transcription, p. 345. Priest: Malard. Bride: Marie Angélique Abitakijikokke. N-/K- consonant shift (cf. Catherine Messinabikwe M-/N-). Physical Presence

What Connects the Three Systems

No linguistic analysis links these names on paper. What links them is the woman behind them: the same Christian name (Geneviève), the same husband (Kitchiwabisi / 8abizi le grand / the Great 8abissi), the same children (Marie Jeanne, Thérèse, Marie Angélique), and a continuous presence at the same small mission from 1786 to 1805. The identification is built on life events, not spelling. Pouliot-Thisdale, who worked directly from the original registers, explicitly characterizes many of these variant spellings as “misspellings” — confirming that the orthographic divergence reflects scribal inconsistency, not separate identities.

Original register detail, August 28, 1805, marriage of Jacques E8anassiketch and Marie Angélique Abitakijikokke — showing Geneviève Nizik8e named as mère de l'épouse and the presence of Jacques Amikwabe as père adoptif de l'époux

The Abitakijik Connection

Geneviève carried the Abitakijik- name. So did the woman who married Gabriel Guilbault in January 1801 — Marie Josette Abitakijikokwe, the researcher's fourth-great-grandmother. The same family name. The same mission. The same years.

Marie Josette Abitakijikokwe — identified in her 1801 marriage record as Saulteux (Ojibwe) — married the French-Canadian fur trader Gabriel Guilbault at Oka. Her story is documented in Abitakijikokwe — The Woman Behind the Name.

Both women carried the Abitakijik- name. Both were at Oka during the same period. And the family network runs deeper still: in 1786, Geneviève served as godmother at the baptism of a baby girl whose father was Joseph KakijikBaham (Kakijikouaham). The Kakijik- root of the father’s name is the same root embedded in Abitakijikokwe — suggesting that Geneviève and the baby’s father were part of the same extended kin group, and that this child was being welcomed into the community by her own kinswoman. The baby’s mother was Agathé Ita8abik8e. Ten years later, in 1796, Agathé Ita8abik8e served as the godmother of Geneviève’s own son Joseph — a reciprocal godparent relationship documented across a decade, and a further thread in a web of kinship that extended through the Oka mission community.

Other Documented Abitakijik- Individuals
Catherine Abitaki8ik8e Buried 1795, died in hunting lands, age approximately 60 (born c. 1735). Possibly an older sister, aunt, or mother of Geneviève.
Guillaume Abitakijiko8ich Most frequently appearing male carrier of the name. Marriage 1795; burial entries 1797, 1800, 1801. The -8ich ending is the masculine form.
Jean Atabitakijik Father of Jean Baptiste, 1795. Wife: Suzanne Kik8echtchi8nok8e.
Martin Abitakigiko8ich Burial 1802. Additional male carrier of the name.
Joseph KakijikBaham (Kakijikouaham) Father of the baby Geneviève baptized May 27, 1786, at whose baptism Geneviève Abitakijikokwe served as godmother. Shared Kakijik- root supports kinship connection.

The exact relationship between Geneviève and Marie Josette — sisters? mother and daughter? aunt and niece? — has not been determined. Resolving this kinship question is the next phase of research, and it is central to understanding how the researcher's direct ancestral line connects to the family of an Algonquin war chief.

Open Research Questions

What is the kinship between Geneviève Abitakijikokwe and Marie Josette Abitakijikokwe? Where and when did Geneviève die — her last confirmed record is 1805, but no burial has been found? Is Marie Jeanne the daughter of Kitchiwabisi (confirmed by both Cadieux and the original register) or is Paquin’s fiche in error when it places her among Bernard’s children? What does the Kizikwe / Kijikokwe / Nizik8e name mean, and why did some priests use it instead of Abitakijikokwe? And what does the full Kakigik- / Kakijik- kin network reveal about Geneviève’s family — the godparents at her son’s baptism are connected to the family whose child she godmothered in 1786. The next archival search is concrete: Volume 1 of the Oka registers (1721–1777) exists as individual acts and has not yet been searched — if Geneviève was born in the early 1750s as the evidence suggests, her own baptism record may be there.

Full Methodology →