Case Study · Indigenous DNA

A Segment on Chromosome 8

Proving Indigenous Ancestry Across Three Platforms —
One Triangulated Group, Two Documented Arms
How a single shared segment on chromosome 8 was taken from an unproven question — "are these clusters Native American?" — to a confirmed triangulated group, with a documented Ojibwe line on each side: a Saulteaux ancestress named in a 1798 Quebec baptism, and a Mille Lacs Band family in Minnesota.
C H R  8  ·  ~ 7 6 – 1 0 3  M b
3 Platforms — GEDmatch · 23andMe · Ancestry
3 Independent Lineages in the Group
2 Documented Ojibwe Arms

Evidence: GEDmatch · 23andMe · AncestryDNA  |  Quebec Parish Registers (PRDH)  |  U.S. Indian Census Rolls · Minnesota Vital Records · BLM/GLO Land Patents

23andMe ancestry composition chromosome painting showing an Indigenous American segment on chromosome 8
A chromosome-painting estimate flagged Indigenous American ancestry on chromosome 8 — a hypothesis to be tested, not yet a finding.

The Challenge

A chromosome-painting hint suggested Indigenous American ancestry on a single paternal segment. But a paint call proves nothing about who, or whether the matches reflect real descent — or simply the dense background-sharing common in any closely connected population.

Three DNA match clusters on chromosome 8 kept surfacing the same unanswered question: were these the signal of Native American ancestry, or noise? A composition estimate can color a stretch of chromosome "Indigenous American" without identifying a single ancestor, and within an endogamous community small shared segments accumulate by chance. A hint is a hypothesis, not a finding.

The Cluster Problem

An automated segment-clustering tool grouped a set of matches on chromosome 8 — but a cluster only proposes that people may share a segment. It does not prove they share it with one another, and it cannot say whether the sharing descends from a common ancestor or merely reflects a tangled regional pedigree.

The Cross-Platform Problem

The relevant testers were spread across three services that do not interoperate. The proband and siblings tested at one company; key matches at another; still others uploaded to a shared comparison site. No single platform held all the people needed to test the group, and chromosome-level comparison is unavailable on some of them by design.

The Documentation Problem

Even a real shared segment means little without a paper trail. Proving Indigenous descent — rather than asserting it — required following each side of the segment into records: parish registers in Quebec, federal Indian census rolls and land patents in Minnesota. The question was whether the genetic signal could be anchored to documented people at all.

GEDmatch AutoSegment · Cluster 31 Chromosome 8 · 5 members
MembercMCluster
D.K.40.331
S.P.22.231
D.W.22.131
L.L.¹21.031
L.L.²20.931
GEDmatch AutoSegment Cluster 31 — five members sharing the chromosome 8 segment, shown by initials. A cluster proposes a shared segment; direct member-to-member comparison proves it. (Kit identifiers are held in the working files.)

The Breakthrough

A tribal word in a 1798 baptism unlocked one arm. Direct member-to-member DNA comparisons — run between matches, not just to the proband — converted a loose cluster into a confirmed triangulated group. Two independent lines, each documented, both Ojibwe.
1. The Segment Confirmed — Not Just Inferred
Member-to-member triangulation legs run directly Proven The matches were compared to each other, not only to the proband: D.W. × D.K. at 21.4 cM, L.L. × D.K. at 19.5 cM, and the proband and two siblings × D.K. at 40.3 / 40.3 / 34.4 cM — all on chromosome 8 in the same window. A 23andMe match's chr 8 segment falls inside the same region. Direct member-to-member legs like these are what separate a confirmed triangulated group from a clustering guess. (Testers are shown by initials; full kit data is held in the working files.)
2. The Segment Is Paternal
The maternal line excludes against both arms Proven The proband's mother shares no segment with either arm, and two siblings did not inherit it — normal segregation, not contradiction. The Indigenous segment sits firmly on the paternal side.
3. Arm A — A Named Saulteaux Ancestress
The 1798 baptism and 1801 Oka marriage Documented A 1798 baptism at Saint-Paul-de-Joliette recorded the mother as "Josephte sauvagesse, Sauteuse" — a Saulteaux (Ojibwe) woman. The 1801 marriage at L'Annonciation, Oka preserved her full Ojibwe name, Abitakijikokwe, and named her "de la nation des Sauteux … sur le lac Supérieur." That record-stated tribal identity was the key that unlocked the line, which descends through documented Quebec and Manitoba registers to the living match.
4. Arm B — A Mille Lacs Band Family
Documented descent to Chief Shaugobay Documented The other side of the segment runs to a Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe family: documented through the 1880 census, federal Indian census rolls, White Earth land patents, and twentieth-century vital records, descending to the Shaugobay family of Mille Lacs. The recent connecting generations are a living family's, referenced here by relationship and documented in full in the family research file.
AutoSegment Parameters

GEDmatch AutoSegment, 10 cM minimum overlap: from 3,145 segments it resolved 124 clusters across 503 matches. The chromosome 8 group is Cluster 31. A 10 cM floor excludes the small, by-chance sharing common in endogamous populations — and the group was then confirmed by direct member-to-member comparison, not left at the clustering stage.

Two arms, reached independently — one in Quebec, one in Minnesota — and each, by its own records, Ojibwe.

Map of Shagobay's homeland: Lake Mille Lacs, Knife River, Snake River, and the St. Croix watershed in east-central Minnesota
Shagobay's homeland — the Mille Lacs and Snake River country of east-central Minnesota, where Arm B is documented. Map: Greg Seitz / St. Croix 360.

The Result

One confirmed Indigenous triangulated group on chromosome 8, proven across three platforms, with a documented Ojibwe arm on each side. What remains open is stated plainly: a shared segment and a shared people, but not yet a single shared name.
What the Evidence Establishes

The chromosome 8 segment at roughly 76–103 Mb is a confirmed triangulated group, demonstrated by direct comparisons between members rather than inference from a clustering tool. The segment is paternal — the maternal line is excluded against both arms — and it paints Indigenous American on the proband's DNA. One arm documents to a record-named Saulteaux ancestress in Quebec; the other to a Mille Lacs Band Ojibwe family in Minnesota. Three effective independent lineages carry the segment.

Both arms now share more than a generic "Indigenous American" label: each is documented Ojibwe. The shared deep origin is a common Ojibwe peoplehood, established by records on both sides rather than asserted from a DNA estimate.

The Open Question — Stated Honestly
The named common ancestor between the two arms Exploring Triangulation proves a shared segment and a shared deep origin — it does not, by itself, name a shared ancestor. No record yet bridges the Quebec Saulteaux line and the Minnesota Mille Lacs line to a single documented couple. The most probable explanation is a common ancestor older than the surviving records. That gap is the frontier of the case, and it is named rather than papered over.
What This Case Demonstrates

The methodological result is as important as the genealogical one: the difference between an inferred cluster and a confirmed triangulated group; the discipline of separating record-stated fact from family-tree hypothesis; a single tribal word in a parish register serving as the pivot from "possibly Indigenous" to "documented Ojibwe"; and the restraint not to convert a proven segment into a named ancestor it cannot yet support.

Researcher's Note

The proband on the Quebec side descends from Gabriel Guilbault and Marie Josephte Abitakijikokwe, the Saulteaux ancestress named in the 1798 and 1801 records. The Minnesota arm is documented through the family of a present-day research collaborator, whose shared knowledge of her own Mille Lacs family made that side of this work possible. Living individuals, and the recent generations of a living family, are referenced by relationship rather than by name.

Related Case Study

The Saulteaux ancestress of Arm A — her name, her nation, and the records that preserved both — is documented in the Abitakijikokwe case study, the Quebec anchor for this chromosome 8 work.

Case Study · Indigenous DNA

A Segment on Chromosome 8

Proving Indigenous Ancestry Across Three Platforms —
One Triangulated Group, Two Documented Arms
How a single shared segment on chromosome 8 was taken from an unproven question — "are these clusters Native American?" — to a confirmed triangulated group, with a documented Ojibwe line on each side: a Saulteaux ancestress named in a 1798 Quebec baptism, and a Mille Lacs Band family in Minnesota.
C H R  8  ·  ~ 7 6 – 1 0 3  M b
3 Platforms — GEDmatch · 23andMe · Ancestry
3 Independent Lineages in the Group
2 Documented Ojibwe Arms

Evidence: GEDmatch · 23andMe · AncestryDNA  |  Quebec Parish Registers (PRDH)  |  U.S. Indian Census Rolls · Minnesota Vital Records · BLM/GLO Land Patents

23andMe ancestry composition chromosome painting showing an Indigenous American segment on chromosome 8
A chromosome-painting estimate flagged Indigenous American ancestry on chromosome 8 — a hypothesis to be tested, not yet a finding.

The Challenge

A chromosome-painting hint suggested Indigenous American ancestry on a single paternal segment. But a paint call proves nothing about who, or whether the matches reflect real descent — or simply the dense background-sharing common in any closely connected population.

Three DNA match clusters on chromosome 8 kept surfacing the same unanswered question: were these the signal of Native American ancestry, or noise? A composition estimate can color a stretch of chromosome "Indigenous American" without identifying a single ancestor, and within an endogamous community small shared segments accumulate by chance. A hint is a hypothesis, not a finding.

The Cluster Problem

An automated segment-clustering tool grouped a set of matches on chromosome 8 — but a cluster only proposes that people may share a segment. It does not prove they share it with one another, and it cannot say whether the sharing descends from a common ancestor or merely reflects a tangled regional pedigree.

The Cross-Platform Problem

The relevant testers were spread across three services that do not interoperate. The proband and siblings tested at one company; key matches at another; still others uploaded to a shared comparison site. No single platform held all the people needed to test the group, and chromosome-level comparison is unavailable on some of them by design.

The Documentation Problem

Even a real shared segment means little without a paper trail. Proving Indigenous descent — rather than asserting it — required following each side of the segment into records: parish registers in Quebec, federal Indian census rolls and land patents in Minnesota. The question was whether the genetic signal could be anchored to documented people at all.

GEDmatch AutoSegment · Cluster 31 Chromosome 8 · 5 members
MembercMCluster
D.K.40.331
S.P.22.231
D.W.22.131
L.L.¹21.031
L.L.²20.931
GEDmatch AutoSegment Cluster 31 — five members sharing the chromosome 8 segment, shown by initials. A cluster proposes a shared segment; direct member-to-member comparison proves it. (Kit identifiers are held in the working files.)

The Breakthrough

A tribal word in a 1798 baptism unlocked one arm. Direct member-to-member DNA comparisons — run between matches, not just to the proband — converted a loose cluster into a confirmed triangulated group. Two independent lines, each documented, both Ojibwe.
1. The Segment Confirmed — Not Just Inferred
Member-to-member triangulation legs run directly Proven The matches were compared to each other, not only to the proband: D.W. × D.K. at 21.4 cM, L.L. × D.K. at 19.5 cM, and the proband and two siblings × D.K. at 40.3 / 40.3 / 34.4 cM — all on chromosome 8 in the same window. A 23andMe match's chr 8 segment falls inside the same region. Direct member-to-member legs like these are what separate a confirmed triangulated group from a clustering guess. (Testers are shown by initials; full kit data is held in the working files.)
2. The Segment Is Paternal
The maternal line excludes against both arms Proven The proband's mother shares no segment with either arm, and two siblings did not inherit it — normal segregation, not contradiction. The Indigenous segment sits firmly on the paternal side.
3. Arm A — A Named Saulteaux Ancestress
The 1798 baptism and 1801 Oka marriage Documented A 1798 baptism at Saint-Paul-de-Joliette recorded the mother as "Josephte sauvagesse, Sauteuse" — a Saulteaux (Ojibwe) woman. The 1801 marriage at L'Annonciation, Oka preserved her full Ojibwe name, Abitakijikokwe, and named her "de la nation des Sauteux … sur le lac Supérieur." That record-stated tribal identity was the key that unlocked the line, which descends through documented Quebec and Manitoba registers to the living match.
4. Arm B — A Mille Lacs Band Family
Documented descent to Chief Shaugobay Documented The other side of the segment runs to a Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe family: documented through the 1880 census, federal Indian census rolls, White Earth land patents, and twentieth-century vital records — down a Weyaus paternal line and a Murphy maternal line that meet at the Shaugobay family.
AutoSegment Parameters

GEDmatch AutoSegment, 10 cM minimum overlap: from 3,145 segments it resolved 124 clusters across 503 matches. The chromosome 8 group is Cluster 31. A 10 cM floor excludes the small, by-chance sharing common in endogamous populations — and the group was then confirmed by direct member-to-member comparison, not left at the clustering stage.

Two arms, reached independently — one in Quebec, one in Minnesota — and each, by its own records, Ojibwe.

Map of Shagobay's homeland: Lake Mille Lacs, Knife River, Snake River, and the St. Croix watershed in east-central Minnesota
Shagobay's homeland — the Mille Lacs and Snake River country of east-central Minnesota, where Arm B is documented. Map: Greg Seitz / St. Croix 360.

The Result

One confirmed Indigenous triangulated group on chromosome 8, proven across three platforms, with a documented Ojibwe arm on each side. What remains open is stated plainly: a shared segment and a shared people, but not yet a single shared name.
What the Evidence Establishes

The chromosome 8 segment at roughly 76–103 Mb is a confirmed triangulated group, demonstrated by direct comparisons between members rather than inference from a clustering tool. The segment is paternal — the maternal line is excluded against both arms — and it paints Indigenous American on the proband's DNA. One arm documents to a record-named Saulteaux ancestress in Quebec; the other to a Mille Lacs Band Ojibwe family in Minnesota. Three effective independent lineages carry the segment.

Both arms now share more than a generic "Indigenous American" label: each is documented Ojibwe. The shared deep origin is a common Ojibwe peoplehood, established by records on both sides rather than asserted from a DNA estimate.

The Open Question — Stated Honestly
The named common ancestor between the two arms Exploring Triangulation proves a shared segment and a shared deep origin — it does not, by itself, name a shared ancestor. No record yet bridges the Quebec Saulteaux line and the Minnesota Mille Lacs line to a single documented couple. The most probable explanation is a common ancestor older than the surviving records. That gap is the frontier of the case, and it is named rather than papered over.
What This Case Demonstrates

The methodological result is as important as the genealogical one: the difference between an inferred cluster and a confirmed triangulated group; the discipline of separating record-stated fact from family-tree hypothesis; a single tribal word in a parish register serving as the pivot from "possibly Indigenous" to "documented Ojibwe"; and the restraint not to convert a proven segment into a named ancestor it cannot yet support.

Researcher's Note

The proband on the Quebec side descends from Gabriel Guilbault and Marie Josephte Abitakijikokwe, the Saulteaux ancestress named in the 1798 and 1801 records. The Minnesota arm is documented through the family of a present-day research collaborator, whose shared knowledge of the Weyaus, Murphy, and Shaugobay lines made the Mille Lacs side of this work possible. Living individuals are referenced by relationship rather than by name.

Related Case Study

The Saulteaux ancestress of Arm A — her name, her nation, and the records that preserved both — is documented in the Abitakijikokwe case study, the Quebec anchor for this chromosome 8 work.

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Family Research Archive

The Complete Evidence File

The full source inventory behind this case — the Quebec parish records, the Minnesota census rolls and land patents, the DNA triangulation worktable, and the working notes on the open common-ancestor question. Because the chromosome 8 segment touches a living family and living DNA testers, the granular evidence is kept in a password-protected archive for family and collaborator access.

Enter the Research Archive →

Family member or research collaborator? Contact Mary for archive access.